At its core, Word Adjacency refers to the positional relationship between words in a query or a document. It measures how close words appear to one another, and whether their order should be preserved for correct interpretation. In information retrieval ...

KELM is a pipeline and corpus developed by Google Research that enhances language models with structured knowledge. It doesn’t replace models like BERT or T5 — instead, it improves them by feeding in knowledge graph-derived sentences. Source: Triples from Wikidata. ...

A Query Path is the ordered sequence of queries and actions a user takes while pursuing a search task. It spans from the initial query through reformulations, refinements, and clicks, to the termination point where the user either succeeds or ...

A Correlative Query is one where terms or sub-queries are related through statistical, semantic, or task-based association. These queries are not necessarily synonyms or fixed phrases, but interconnected ideas that reveal deeper intent. For example: Single query correlation: “ranking signals ...

In linguistics, semantic structure refers to the organized system of meanings encoded in language. It defines how: Words relate to each other (synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy) Sentences build complex interpretations from parts Entities, attributes, and roles interact to create meaning This ...

Attribute relevance is the degree to which an attribute (a property of an entity) improves meaning, retrieval accuracy, and user satisfaction. It identifies which attributes matter most in search, SEO, or knowledge graphs, ensuring that entities are represented with the ...

Onomastics is the study of names — their origins, history, forms, and cultural usage. It covers personal names (anthroponymy), place names (toponymy), and naming in literature or society. In modern contexts, onomastics also supports linguistics, genealogy, branding, and computational tasks ...

A Discordant Query is a search input that carries conflicting signals about user intent. Unlike a canonical query (which neatly expresses a single goal), discordant queries blur boundaries: Internal conflict: Terms inside the query point to different categories. Example: “cheap ...

A sentence’s meaning is specified by the conditions under which it would be true; formally, a theory of meaning pairs sentences with truth conditions inside a model (entities, functions, relations). This model-theoretic view traces to Tarski’s work on defining truth ...

The principle of compositionality (often attributed to Frege) states that the meaning of a complex expression is determined by the meanings of its parts plus the rules for combining them. This is the default foundation for formal semantics, but it ...